ALT Avalōkitēśvarā Bōdhisattva, Karunarnava or Karuṇārṇava; Guanshizizai (Kuan-shih- tzu-tsai "Beholding-the-World-God"), Guanshiyin (Kuan-shih-yin "Beholding Voice"), Guanzizai (Kuan-tzu-tsai), Guanyin (Kuan-yin); A-fu-lu-zhi-di-fu-fa-luo-pu-sa (A-fu-lu-chih-ti-fu-fa-luo-p'u-sa "Beholding the Divine") EPITHET Abhayamdada ("Remover of Doubts"), Abhyutgata-rāja ("Great, August King"), Lokesvara or Lokeśvara ("Lord of the World")
ALTbodhi or bōdhi EPITHET Abhaya ("Free from Fear"), Lokanatha or Lōkanātha ("World-Honored"), Lokesvara or Lokeśvara ("Lord of the World") XZfo (fo): passim bōdhi: i.138
"enlightened"
cf. Three Yanas ('paths') to Enlightment — Pratyeka Buddha, Sravaka Buddha, Samyak Sambuddha Dipankara, a buddha from a previous aeon (kalpa)
Seven Past Buddhas, three of a previous aeon (kalpa) — (1) Vipasyin, (2) Sikhin, (3) Visvabhu — plus the following four of our current aeon (Bhadra-kalpa)
Four Past Buddhas of our current aeon (Bhadra-kalpa), three from the distant past — (1) Kasyapa, (2) Kanakamuni, (3) Krakuchanda — and (4) Gautama
The (Historical) Buddha — (4) GautamaFuture Buddha, of our current aeon (Bhadra-kalpa) — (5) Maitreya Thousand Buddhas—past, present, and future—of the current aeon (Bhadra-kalpa)
ALTnikaya or nikāya ("school"); dharma-vinaya ("law-discipline"); bujing (bujing); amitabha or amitābha ("Limitless Light"), amituo fo (a-mi-t'uo fo) XZ dharma-vinaya: xxx fa yu lϋ pu [bujing]: i.80, 177; ii.24, 216
MR Omitose [Amitabha]: 98 Sciequia [Śākya]: 94, 98
see also •Mahayana ('Greater Vehicle') Sect Sthavira School ~ Mahaviharavasina ii.247 ~Abhayagirivasina ii.247 •"Hinayana" ("Lesser Vehicle") Sect Lokottaravada Sammatiya Sautrantika School Vinaya of the Five Schools XZi.121 Dharmaguptaka School Mahisasaka School Kasyapiya School Sarvastivada School Mahasanghika School
Silk Road oasis town at the southern edge of the Taklimakan Desert, near the Bulongji River; Mogao Caves there preserve Buddhist documents, clay figurines and murals
ALT The Buddha ("Enlightened One"); Sakya Tathagata or Śākya Tathāgata ("Thus Come/Thus Gone"); Sakya Buddha or Śākya Buddha; Siddhartha ("Perfect") Gautama or Siddhārtha Gautama, Qiaodamo (Ch'iao-ta-mo); Rulai (Ju-lai), Sakyamuni or Śākyamuni ("Sage of the Sakya Clan"), Prince of the Sakya Clan EPITHET Lokanatha or Lōkanātha ("World-Honored"), Lokeśvara or Lokeśvara ("Lord of the World"), Dasabala or Daśabāla ("With Ten-Fold Powers"), Nalanda ("Charity-Without-Intermission"), Devamanussapujitam ("Honored by Men and Devas"), Sarvarthasiddha or Sarvārthasiddha ("Perfect in All Ways")
historical figure (ca.563-483 BCE), given name Siddhartha as prince; son of Suddhodana-raja, king of Magadha, and Maya; fourth buddha of our aeon (Bhadra-kalpa)
cf. Sakya Bodhisattva, Prabhapala Bodhisattva
"Exclusive Way" ("Little" or "Lesser" Vehicle, so-called by those belonging to the Mahayana); Buddhist sect, practictioners seek to end attachment to the self along the Four Stage path to arhat-ship and to gain enlightenment as a Sravakabuddha or Pratyekabudda
ALTjātaka, ben sheng (pen sheng) XZpen-seng: i.124, 171 lion and the pig: i.196n. hare in the moon: ii.59-60 elephant-rāja: lxxvi; ii.49 deer-rāja: ii.50-51 kapinjala or kapiñjala-rāja ("pheasant king"): ii.33 mayura or mayūra-rāja ("peacock king"): i.126
tales of Gautama Buddha's former births (jati), normally as a bodhisattva see also Sama (Sāma-jātaka), Sudana (Sudāna-jātaka, or Vēssantara-jātaka), Sivika (Śivi-jātaka) cf. Sakya Bodhisattva
ALT Lokeśvara, zzz (zzz) SEEMS to be the same with Avalokitesvara (Guanzizai) XZ zzz: xxxix, xl, xlvii, lii, liv, lxi, lxvii; i.47, 67, 132, 137, 205, 236, ; ii.3, 5, 6, 9, 11, etc. "Lord of the World"; specific epithet of Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva
excerpted from the fifth book of the Luoyang Qielan Ji (The Monasteries of Luoyang), by Yang Xuanzhi (ca.518 CE), which includes the Jiaji (zzz) of Song Yun and the Xingji (Travel Notes) and Daorong zhuan (Biography of Daorong) of Huisheng
Central and South Asian empire (1526-1707 CE), successor state of the Timurid Empire; saw significant expansion into Northern India under Akbar (1556-1605 CE) cf. Mongol
ALTShijia (Shih-chia), Śākya XZ xlviii MR Sciacca: 98 Sciequia: 94, 98 kin group of Gautama Buddha; term used by Ricci to designate Buddhism generally cf. clergy, Buddhist
ALT Sudāna-rāja; Visvantara or Viśvāntara-rāja, Vessantara or Vēssantara, Pi-luo (P'i-lo), Su da na (Su-ta-na) XZ Su-ta-na [Su da na]: xvii, lxxv; i.112 Pe-lo [Pi-luo]: xvii, xciii Sudāna-jātaka, or Vēssantara-jātaka: lxxv n.
lowest hell in Greek cosmology; realm of great heat and long suffering; those thrown into Tartarus committed one or more of the following crimes — , eternal damnation for stealing from sacrifices, great robberies, unjust killing, repeated and conscious violation of law; temporary damnation for repentant sinners, violence against parents, murder by mistake cf. Avichi
ALT Toshkent, Tāshkand, al-Chach or Chāj, Chachkent, Zheshi (Che-shih) or Shiguo (Shih-kuo) XZ Che-shi or Shi-kwo: xix; i.29n., 30 (ch.1.5) 41°19´N • 69°15´E (Uzbekistan)
capital of the Licchavis (Scythian Vrijjis); birthplace of Vardhamana (founder of Jainism); Buddhist pilgrimage site — Honey Offering of the Monkey, where a monkey offered honey and died of joy after Gautama Buddha accepted it; site of the Second Buddhist Council cf. Eight Great Events
schools of Hinayana Buddhism (1) Fourfold Rules of the Dharmaguptaka, (2) Fivefold Rules of the Mahisasaka, (3) Rules of Emancipation of the Kasyapiya, (4) Ten Divisions of Rules of the Sarvastivada, (5) Great Canon of Rules of the Mahasanghika see also Buddhism, schools
Indo-European ethnic group (of Kanishka-rāja); migrated from northwestern China in the 2nd century BCE; controlled the area of Gandhara by the 1st BCE. cf. Kushan Empire, Vrijjis