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DRAMATIS PERSONAE 1825 | 1875 | 1925 | 1975
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Ernest Charles François Babelon (1854-1924)
French numismatist for the Cabinet des Médailles (from 1878), serving as Director (1892-1924); in his youth, excavator of Carthage with S. Reinach (1883).
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Philippe Berger (1846-1912)
Professor in the Faculté de théologie protestante de Paris (1877-1893), then the Collège de France (1893-1910); member of the Académie (from 1892); editor of the CIS; Senator representing Giromagny (1904-1912).
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Charles Simon Clermont-Ganneau (1846-1923)
- Philologist and amateur archaeologist while dragoman in the French foreign service, stationed in Jerusalem and Constantinople (from 1867); member of the Academie (1889); chair of Semitic epigraphy and antiquities at the Collège de France (1890)
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Lazare, or Lazzaro Costa (1814-1877)
Antiquarian, prominent member of the Italian community and of the Société Archéologique de Constantine; his Cabinet d'antiquités africane was precurser to the Musée Gustave Mercier (now the Musée National Cirta)
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Jean-Charles Cubisol (1817-1868)
Consul of Belgium and vice-consul of France resident in La Goulette; described inscriptions sent to Paris for the Exposition Universelle (1867).
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Nathan Davis (1812-1882)
Christian convert and missionary to Jewish communities of North Africa (LSPCJ, 1838-1843), and missionary for the Church of Scotland in both Tunisia (1844-1848) and Gibraltar (1849-1850); excavated Utica and Carthage on behalf of the British Museum (1856-1858).
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Rev. Alfred-Louis Delattre MAfr (1850-1932)
Catholic missionary of the Pères Blancs (“White Fathers“); tireless excavator of Carthage; founder and curator of Musée Lavigerie de Saint-Louis on the Byrsa Hill (1875-1932).
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Joseph Naftali Derenburg, or Derembourg (1811–1885)
Orientalist and philologist; Professor of Ethiopic at the École pratique des hautes études, (from 1877); contributor to the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, publising inscriptions in Himyaritic and Sabaean.
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Julius Euting (1839-1913)
Librarian at the University of Tübingen (1868-1871) then at the University of Straßburg/Strasbourg (from 1871); collector of Phoenician inscriptions from Carthage and Hadrumetum (many of which he donated to the State Hermitage in St. Petersburg); published nearly exhaustive catalogs of Phoenician-Punic inscriptions (1871, 1883) at about the same time as Schröder.
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Victor Guérin (1821–1890)
Aristocratic explorer and amateur archaeologist, acquired antiquities from Mustafa Khaznadar
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Joseph Halevy (1827–1917)
Orientalist and philologist; Professor of Ethiopic at the École pratique des hautes études, (from 1879); contributor to the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, publising inscriptions in Sabaean.
J. Derenbourg (of the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes) and
J. Halevy (same place),
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Gustave Hannezo (1857-1922)
French military officer and amateur archaeologist; founded the archaeological museum of Sousse (1887).
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Antoine Marie Albert Héron de Villefosse (1845-1919)
Roman epigrapher and archaeologist; curator of Greek and Roman sculpture at the Museée du Louvre (from 1869); Member of the Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres (from 1883).
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Auguste-Célestin Judas (1805-1872)
First published Phoenician inscriptions from Cirta/Constantine, with Arabic rather than Hebrew transcription.
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Maurice d'Irisson, or Count of Hérrison (1839-1893)
Antiquarian and amateur excavator at Utica.
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Mustafa Khaznadar (1817-1878)
née Georgios Halkias Stravelakis
Ottoman Mamluk from Chios who was purchased to serve the beylik of Tunis, eventually as grand vizier (1855-1873), under M'hamed Bey and Sadok Bey; began himself collecting antiquities (“collection Moustafa”), some stored in the beylical palace La Manouba.
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Hayreddin Pasha or Kherridine Pacha (1817-1878)
Ottoman quasi-Mamluk from Abkhazia who was purchased to serve Ahmed Bey and the beylik of Tunis, eventually as grand vizier under Sadok Bey (1873-1877), continued the policy of collecting antiquities at La Manouba.
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Rev. Charles Martial Allemand Lavigerie MAfr (1825-1892)
In 1868 founded the Catholic evangelical order of the Missionnaires d'Afrique (MAfr), colloquially the Pères Blancs (“White Fathers”); archbishop of Algiers (1867-1884) then Carthage (1884-1892); cardinal (from 1882-1892).
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Moritz Abraham Levy (1817-1872)
Professor at the Jewish Theological Seminary in Breslau; published early catalogs of Phoenician inscriptions.
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Heinrich Karl Eckard Helmuth von Maltzan (1826-1874)
aka Baron of Wartenburg and Penzlin
Antiquarian and traveler, collector of Punic inscriptions.
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Antoine-Philibert Marchant, or Marchand (1823-1901)
Commandant (squadron leader) of the 2ᵉ régiment de spahis in Tunis before the French protectorate (pre-1881); housed a collection of antiquities in his Villa Ariana at Hammam-Lif.
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Charles-Jean Melchior de Vogüé (1829-1916)
aka Marquis de Vogüé
French diplomat and archaeologist; member of the Académie française (from 1868), for some years with his nephew the Vicomte de Vogüé; contributor to the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, publishing inscriptions in Phoenician and Aramaic from the Levant.
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Marie-Eugène Melchior de Vogüé (1848-1910)
aka Vicomte de Vogüé
French diplomat and archaeologist; member of the Académie française (from 1888) alongside his uncle the Marquis de Vogüé; contributor to the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, publishiing inscriptions from Cyprus.
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Muhammad ibn al-Husayn, or M'hamed Bey (1811-1859, reg.1855-1859)
Supported the collection of artifacts by Mustafa Khaznadar at La Manouba.
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Muhammad ibn al-Husayn, or M'hamed Bey (1811-1859, reg.1855-1859)
Supported the collection of artifacts by Mustafa Khaznadar at La Manouba.
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Jean-Baptiste Evariste Charles Pricot de Sainte-Marie (1843-1899)
Excavator of Carthage and Utica (1873-1876); a few thousand stelae he had excavated and had loaded on the ironclad Magenta were pulverized when the flagship exploded in the harbor of Toulon (1875).
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Salomon Reinach (1858-1932)
In his youth, excavator of Carthage with E. Babelon (1883); assistant and deputy conservator (1888-1902) then Director of the Musée des Antiquités in Saint-Germain; Professor at the École du Louvre (from 1890).
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Joseph Ernest Renan (1823-1892)
Led the scholarly Mission de Phénicie during the Syrian expediton of Napoleon III (1860-1861), paralleling the scholarly mission during the campaign of Napolean I to Egypt; Professor of the College de France (1862-1864, then from 1870); first editor of the Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum (1881-1890), which relied in part upon the catalogs of Euting and Schröder for western Phoenician inscriptions.
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Carl Eduard Sachau (1845-1930)
- Semitic philologist (1869) and professor at the University of Vienna (1869-1875), then the University of Berlin (from 1876) where he directed the Seminar of Oriental languages (from 1887); published Aramaic papyri and ostraca from Elephantine.
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Muhammad al-Sadiq, or Sadok Bey (1813-1882, reg.1859-1882)
Supported the collection of artifacts by Mustafa Khaznadar and Hayreddin Pasha at La Manouba.
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Paul Gustav Albert Schröder (1844-1915)
German consular official and philologist; published a grammar and catalog of Phoenician inscriptions (1869) at about the same time as Euting.
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Rev. Giovanni Spano (1803-1878)
Philologist and Professor at the University of Cagliari (from 1834) and Turin (from 1871); led early archaeological excavations on Sardinia.
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William Sandys Wright Vaux FRS (1818-1885)
Assistant keeper of antiquities at the British Museum (from 1841) and then keeper of coins and medals (1861-1870); cataloged the Carthaginian inscriptions of N. Davis.
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William Henry Waddington (1826–1894)
Archeaologist and statesman; contributor to the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres; Prime minster of France (1879) and ambassador to the United Kingdom (1883-1893).
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William Wright (1830-1889)
Professor of Arabic at the University of Cambridge; published inscriptions that had been brought to Great Britain.
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Gustav Heinrich Klemens Wilmanns (1845-1878)
Ancient historian and Professor at the University of Straßburg/Strasbourg (from 1872); incidentally collected Punic and Neo-Punic inscriptions but primarily edited Latin inscriptions from North Africa for the Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum.
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