G O A L S   &   M E T H O D S
We present here various wheel-thrown and molded ceramics held by the the Rijksmuseum van Oudheden in Leiden (RMO), even those not 3-D scanned, all of which prove useful for the study of Punic culture. Also included are ceramics held by The Allard Pierson at the University of Amsterdam (AP), previously studied by Briese and Docter (1995).
Our goals:

• describe urn fabric with increasing precision
• represent ceramics with increasing precision
• modify digital photographs to 1:5 scale
• create scalable vector line drawings
• create digital 3D models suitable for scalable reproduction

To these ends, we drew 1:1 line drawings with Sophie Davidson (St. Andrews) following set 2D imaging conventions, e.g. with the left half of the urn in section and the right half depicting surface decoration. Pencil drawings were scanned and converted to vector images using Adobe Illustrator. We manually measured the height of each vessel and its diameter, taking readings at inflection points—e.g. rim, base, etc—measurements made automatically and precisely in the course of 3D scanning. In describing the urn fabric, we used a Munsell Soil Color Chart as our standard for taking color readings and a Sigma Gamma Epsilon grain sizing folder as our standard for describing inclusions, aided by a 1x8 loupe. To determine the elemental composition of ceramics, we used an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (courtesy of Dennis Braekmans). For the 3D modeling, we tested both a hand-held blue-light scanner (courtesy of Monica Huisman) and a structured light scanner (courtesy of Stefan Oostingh), with post-processing undertaken by Monica Huisman and Loes Opgenhaffen.

This study expands upon the work of Docter and Briese (1995) and Docter et al. (2002). We have created hardware-reliant scans with equipment provided either by ULeiden (i.e. Artec Spider and Bruker TRACER 5), or by Saxion (i.e. H-P DAVID SLS-3, now obsolete). One can also find our 3D models hosted on Sketchfab.
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